1. Home
  2. Vol 6, No 1 (2022)
  3. Fuka

Study on the Impacts of Emergency on Economic, Environmental and Social Areas Using Mixed Methods Research

Jan Fuka, Robert Baťa, Kateřina Josková, Jiří Křupka

Abstract


Mixed methods research methodology appears to be a suitable approach for researching complex phenomena such as emergencies. Researchers study the impacts on different areas such as economy, society, or environment, mostly in separate studies. To better understand the reality of emergencies, it is necessary to study the problem in the broadest possible context. So, examining those impacts in one single study is a challenge. The objective of this article is to process a comprehensive assessment of an emergency that has the potential to establish the basis of a robust tool for public managers to support their decision-making, using mixed methods research methodology. The crisis is an explosion of an ammunition storage site in the Czech Republic - the former satellite country of the Soviet Union. The sub-methods used in mixed methods research are analysis of data, interviews, questionnaire surveys, and field research. The main findings include that in the economic area, growth of public budget expenditures was found; in the environmental area, primary and inducted impacts have been proved. Survey also confirms that the emergency reduced the personal sense of security and trust in public institutions in the affected community.

 

Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-01-07

Full Text: PDF


Keywords


Emergency; Public Administration; Economy; Society; Environment; Mixed Methods Research.

References


Somers, S., & Svara, J. H. (2009). Assessing and Managing Environmental Risk: Connecting Local Government Management with Emergency Management. Public Administration Review, 69(2), 181–193. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6210.2008.01963.x.

Kartsonaki, A., & Wolff, S. (2015). The EU’s responses to conflicts in its wider neighbourhood: Human or european security? Global Society, 29(2), 199–226. doi:10.1080/13600826.2015.1021242.

Svoboda, O., & Maštálka, M. (2013). The resilience of Czech regions to economic crisis. Proceedings Form 16th International Colloquium on Regional Sciences, 487–493. doi:10.5817/cz.muni.p210-6257-2013-61.

Mladan, D., & Cvetkovic, V. (2013). Classification of Emergency Situations. Conference Proceedings of International Significance. Academy of Criminalistic and Police Studies, Belgrade, 275-290.

Blackstone, E. A., Buck, A. J., & Hakim, S. (2007). The economics of emergency response. Policy Sciences, 40(4), 313–334. doi:10.1007/s11077-007-9047-6.

Henstra, D. (2010). Evaluating local government emergency management programs: What framework should public managers adopt? Public Administration Review, 70(2), 236–246. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6210.2010.02130.x.

Penning-Rowsell, E., & Wilson, T. (2006). Gauging the impact of natural hazards: The pattern and cost of emergency response during flood events. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 31(2), 99–115. doi:10.1111/j.1475-5661.2006.00200.x.

Burstein, F., & W. Holsapple, C. (2008). Handbook on Decision Support Systems 2. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-48716-6.

Robinson, T. D., Oliveira, T. M., & Kayden, S. (2017). Factors affecting the United Nations’ response to natural disasters: what determines the allocation of the Central Emergency Response Fund? Disasters, 41(4), 631–648. doi:10.1111/disa.12226.

Waugh, W. L., & Straib, G. (2006). Collaboration and leadership for effective emergency management. Public Administration Review, 66(SUPPL. 1), 131–140. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6210.2006.00673.x.

Enander, A. (2017). Handbook of Safety Principles. In N. Moller, O. Hansson, H. S., J. E., & C. Rollenhagen (Eds.), Handbook of Safety Principles. doi:10.1002/9781119443070.

Wu, D. D., Liu, J., & Olson, D. L. (2015). Simulation Decision System on the Preparation of Emergency Resources Using System Dynamics. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 32(6), 603–615. doi:10.1002/sres.2295.

Fezzi, C., & Fanghella, V. (2020). Real-Time Estimation of the Short-Run Impact of COVID-19 on Economic Activity using Electricity Market Data. Environmental and Resource Economics, 76(4), 885–900. doi:10.1007/s10640-020-00467-4.

Nowacki, K., Grabowska, S., & Łakomy, K. (2020). Activities of employers and OHS services during the developing COVID-19 epidemic in Poland. Safety Science, 131. doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104935.

Caraka, R. E., Lee, Y., Kurniawan, R., Herliansyah, R., Kaban, P. A., Nasution, B. I., Gio, P. U., Chen, R. C., Toharudin, T., & Pardamean, B. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 large scale restriction on environment and economy in Indonesia. Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management, 6(Special Issue), 65–84. doi:10.22034/GJESM.2019.06.SI.07.

An, B. Y., & Tang, S. Y. (2020). Lessons From COVID-19 Responses in East Asia: Institutional Infrastructure and Enduring Policy Instruments. American Review of Public Administration, 50(6–7), 790–800. doi:10.1177/0275074020943707.

Maslow, A. H. (1954). Motivation and personality Harper and Row. New York, NY.

Thomas, C. W., Vanderford, M. L., & Crouse Quinn, S. (2008). Evaluating emergency risk communications: a dialogue with the experts. Health Promotion Practice, 9(4 Suppl), 5–12. doi:10.1177/1524839908325333.

Kruger, J., Chen, B., Heitfeld, S., Witbart, L., Bruce, C., & Pitts, D. L. (2020). Attitudes, Motivators, and Barriers to Emergency Preparedness Using the 2016 Styles Survey. Health Promotion Practice, 21(3), 448–456. doi:10.1177/1524839918794940.

Rodin, M., Downs, M., Petterson, J., & Russell, J. (1992). Community impacts resulting from the Exxon Valdez oil spill. Organization & Environment, 6(3), 219–234. doi:10.1177/108602669200600304.

Kaufhold, M. A., Gizikis, A., Reuter, C., Habdank, M., & Grinko, M. (2019). Avoiding chaotic use of social media before, during, and after emergencies: Design and evaluation of citizens’ guidelines. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 27(3), 198–213. doi:10.1111/1468-5973.12249.

Trivedi, A., & Singh, A. (2017). Prioritizing emergency shelter areas using hybrid multi-criteria decision approach: A case study. Journal of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis, 24(3–4), 133–145. doi:10.1002/mcda.1611.

Grebennik, I., Reshetnik, V., Ovezgeldyyev, A., Ivanov, V., & Urniaieva, I. (2019). Strategy of Effective Decision-Making in Planning and Elimination of Consequences of Emergency Situations. Information Technology in Disaster Risk Reduction, 66–75. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-32169-7_6

Giddings, B., Hopwood, B., & O’Brien, G. (2002). Environment, economy and society: Fitting them together into sustainable development. Sustainable Development, 10(4), 187–196. doi:10.1002/sd.199.

Cooper, S., Porter, J., & Endacott, R. (2011). Mixed methods research: A design for emergency care research? Emergency Medicine Journal, 28(8), 682–685. doi:10.1136/emj.2010.096321.

Skryabina, E. A., Betts, N., Reedy, G., Riley, P., & Amlôt, R. (2020). The role of emergency preparedness exercises in the response to a mass casualty terrorist incident: A mixed methods study. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 46. doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101503.

Alatinga, K. A., & Williams, J. J. (2019). Mixed Methods Research for Health Policy Development in Africa: The Case of Identifying Very Poor Households for Health Insurance Premium Exemptions in Ghana. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 13(1), 69–84. doi:10.1177/1558689816665056.

Hansen, M., O’Brien, K., Meckler, G., Chang, A. M., & Guise, J. M. (2016). Understanding the value of mixed methods research: The Children’s Safety Initiative-Emergency Medical Services. Emergency Medicine Journal, 33(7), 489–494. doi:10.1136/emermed-2015-205277.

Holtrop, J. S., Potworowski, G., Green, L. A., & Fetters, M. (2019). Analysis of Novel Care Management Programs in Primary Care: An Example of Mixed Methods in Health Services Research. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 13(1), 85–112. doi:10.1177/1558689816668689.

Gharaveis, A., Pati, D., Hamilton, D. K., Shepley, M., Rodiek, S., & Najarian, M. (2020). The Influence of Visibility on Medical Teamwork in Emergency Departments: A Mixed-Methods Study. Health Environments Research and Design Journal, 13(2), 218–233. doi:10.1177/1937586719885376.

Bakon, S., & Millichamp, T. (2017). Optimising the emergency to ward handover process: A mixed methods study. Australasian Emergency Nursing Journal, 20(4), 147–152. doi:10.1016/j.aenj.2017.10.001.

Norris, J. J., & Grol-Prokopczyk, H. (2018). Entrapment allegations in right-wing terrorism cases: A mixed-methods analysis. International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice, 53, 77–88. doi:10.1016/j.ijlcj.2018.03.009.

Wignell, P., Tan, S., O’Halloran, K. L., & Lange, R. (2017). A mixed methods empirical examination of changes in emphasis and style in the extremist magazines Dabiq and Rumiyah. Perspectives on Terrorism, 11(2), 2–20.

Shapira, S., Aharonson-Daniel, L., Clarfield, A. M., & Feder-Bubis, P. (2020). Giving a voice to medically vulnerable populations: A mixed-methods investigation of their unique perceptions and needs in emergency situations. Health and Social Care in the Community, 28(3), 811–822. doi:10.1111/hsc.12911.

Hastings, D. A. (2011). The Human Security Index: An update and a new release. In International Symposium on Geoinformatics for Spatial Infrastructure Development in Earth and Allied Sciences: Vol. 1.0 (pp. 1–26).

OECD. “What’s the Better Life Index? OECD Better Life Index.”. Available online: http://www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org/about/ better-life-initiative/ (accessed on April 2021).

Maussen, J. “Summary of final reports of expert groups to identify relevant indicators of quality of life in the Czech Republic. The Czech Republic 2030.” (2018). Available online: https://www.vlada.cz/assets/ppov/udrzitelny-rozvoj/projekt-OPZ/Kvalita-zivota---shrnuti.pdf (accessed on April 2021).

Valášek, J. “Quality of life indicators in the field of safety. Final report of the expert group for identifying relevant indicators of quality of life in the Czech Republic in security. The Czech Republic 2030.” (2018). Available online: https://www.cr2030.cz/strategie/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/05/11_Bezpe%C4%8Dnost.pdf (accessed on April 2021).

Borrego, M., Douglas, E. P., & Amelink, C. T. (2009). Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed research methods in engineering education. Journal of Engineering Education, 98(1), 53–66. doi:10.1002/j.2168-9830.2009.tb01005.x.

Azorín, J. M., & Cameron, R. (2010). The application of mixed methods in organisational research: A literature review. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 8(2), 95–105.

Bentahar, O., & Cameron, R. (2015). Design and implementation of a mixed method research study in project management. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 13(1), 3–15.

Ministry of the Interior of the Czech Republic. “Ministry of the Interior Summary Report on the Procedure in Dealing with the Vrbětice ammunition Storage Site Emergency. (2014). Available online: https://www.mvcr.cz/clanek/souhrnna-zprava-o-postupu-reseni-mimoradne-udalosti-v-municnim-arealu-vrbetice.aspx (accessed on April 2021).

Czech Statistical Office. “Small Lexicon of Municipalities 2014 - Districts. Zlín Region. District of Zlín.” (2014). Available online: https://bit.ly/3pr3i27 (accessed on April 2021).

Ministry of Justice of the Czech Republic. “Public Register and Collection of Documents.” (2015). Available online: https://or.justice.cz/ias/ui/rejstrik (accessed on April 2021).

Police of the Czech Republic. “Zlín Regional Police Directorate. Vrbětice Storage Site Explosio – Overview of Police Actions.” (2020). Available online: https://www.policie.cz/clanek/vybuch-ve-skladu-munice-ve-vrbeticich.aspx (accessed on April 2021).

Šándor, A. (2020). Telephone conversation with the security adviser and general in reserve on the impacts of the Vrbětice emergency. Personal communication.

Ministry of Finance of the Czech Republic. “Final account of Chapter 398 - General Treasury Administration 2014.” (2015). Available online: https://www.mfcr.cz/cs/verejny-sektor/statni-rozpocet/plneni-statniho-rozpoctu/2014/zaverecny-ucet-kapitoly-398-vseobecna-21389 (accessed on April 2021).

Ministry of Finance of the Czech Republic. “Final account of Chapter 398 - General Treasury Administration 2015.” (2016). Available online: https://www.mfcr.cz/cs/verejny-sektor/statni-rozpocet/plneni-statniho-rozpoctu/2015/zaverecny-ucet-kapitoly-398-vseobecna-25220 (accessed on April 2021).

Ministry of Finance of the Czech Republic. “Final account of Chapter 398 - General Treasury Administration 2016.” (2017). Available online: https://www.mfcr.cz/cs/verejny-sektor/statni-rozpocet/plneni-statniho-rozpoctu/2016/zaverecny-ucet-kapitoly-398-vseobecna-29757 (accessed on April 2021).

Ministry of Finance of the Czech Republic. “Final account of Chapter 398 - General Treasury Administration 2017.” (2018). Available online: https://www.mfcr.cz/cs/verejny-sektor/statni-rozpocet/plneni-statniho-rozpoctu/2017/zaverecny-ucet-kapitoly-398-vseobecna-32334 (accessed on April 2021).

Ministry of Finance of the Czech Republic. “Final account of Chapter 398 - General Treasury Administration 2018.” (2019). Available online: https://www.mfcr.cz/cs/verejny-sektor/statni-rozpocet/plneni-statniho-rozpoctu/2018/zaverecny-ucet-kapitoly-398-vseobecna-po-35546 (accessed on April 2021).

Ottlová, H. (2020). Request for Information sent to GI FRSCR – Vrbětice, e-mail communication. FRSCR General Directorate. Personal communication.

Rendlová, K. (2020). Request for information sent to PČR – Vrbětice, e-mail communication. Police Presidium of the Czech Republic. Personal communication.

Malinovský, K. (2020). Request for information sent to KÚ Z.K. – Vrbětice, e-mail correspondence. Zlín Regional Office. Personal communication.

Hollerová, M. (2020). Request for information sent to the Ministry of Finance of the Czech Republic – Vrbětice, e-mail communication. Ministry of Finance of the Czech Republic. Personal communication.

Ministry of Finance of the Czech Republic. “Sectoral clickable expenditures budget of the municipality of Vlachovice.” (2020). Available online: https://monitor.statnipokladna.cz/ucetni-jednotka/00284670/rozpocet/vydaje-odvetvovy?rad=t&obdobi=1812 (accessed on March 2021).

Zlín Regional Hygiene Station. (2014a). KHS ZK Report on the "Vlachovice – Vrbětice Ammunition Storage Site Fire Emergency. Available online: http://www.khszlin.cz/wcd/pages/extranet/aktuality/mun2014.doc (accessed on March 2021).

Zlín Regional Hygiene Station. “KHS ZK Report on Measurement Results for Dust Particles and Gaseous Pollutants of 29 October 2014 in the context of the explosion in the Vrbětice ammunition storage site.” (2014b). Available online: http://www.khszlin.cz/wcd/pages/extranet/aktuality/vrbet2014.doc (accessed on March 2021).

Zlín Regional Hygiene Station. “Report on the emergeny by the KHS ZK with their registered office in Zlín, of 3 December 2014 "Vlachovice-Vrbětice Ammunition Storage Site Explosion". (2014c). Available online: http://www.khszlin.cz/wcd/pages/extranet/aktuality/vrbet12014.doc (accessed on March 2021).

Pencová, P. (2020). Request for information sent to KHS ZS – Vrbětice, e-mail communication. Personal communication.

Třebický, V. “Methodology for determining the carbon footprint of the company and the procedure for its reduction.” (2016). Available online: https://ci2.co.cz/sites/default/files/souboryredakce/metodika_final_vystup.pdf (accessed on May 2021).

FinanceCZ. “Travel allowances - average fuel prices 2021.” (2021). Available online: https://www.finance.cz/dane-a-mzda/mzda/cestovni-nahrady/prumerne-ceny-phm/ (accessed on May 2021).

Vlachovice. “Vlachovické listy No. 7 - July 2015.” Official website of the municipality of Vlachovice. (2015). Available online: https://bit.ly/3psCjDz (accessed on 8 April 2020).

Ministry of the Interior of the Czech Republic. (2020). “Indicative populations in municipalities.” Available online: https://www.mvcr.cz/clanek/informativni-pocty-obyvatel-v-obcich.aspx (accessed on 2 April 2020).

Frost, A., Boyle, P., Autier, P., King, C., Zwijnenburg, W., Hewitson, D., & Sullivan, R. (2017). The effect of explosive remnants of war on global public health: a systematic mixed-studies review using narrative synthesis. The Lancet Public Health, 2(6), e286–e296. doi:10.1016/S2468-2667(17)30099-3.

Lawrence, M. J., Stemberger, H. L. J., Zolderdo, A. J., Struthers, D. P., & Cooke, S. J. (2015). The effects of modern war and military activities on biodiversity and the environment. Environmental Reviews, 23(4), 443–460. doi:10.1139/er-2015-0039.

Pilger, C., Gaebler, P., Hupe, P., Kalia, A. C., Schneider, F. M., Steinberg, A., Sudhaus, H., & Ceranna, L. (2021). Yield estimation of the 2020 Beirut explosion using open access waveform and remote sensing data. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 14144. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-93690-y.

Nassar, C. K., & Nastacă, C. C. (2021). The beirut port explosion: Social, urban and economic impact. Theoretical and Empirical Researches in Urban Management, 16(3), 42–52.

Valsamos, G., Larcher, M., & Casadei, F. (2021). Beirut explosion 2020: A case study for a large-scale urban blast simulation. Safety Science, 137, 105190. doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2021.105190.


Full Text: PDF

DOI: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-01-07

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2022 Jan Fuka, Robert Baťa, Kateřina Josková, Jiří Křupka