High-Sensitivity Toxic Gas Sensor Utilizing Photonic Crystal Fibers in the THz Spectrum

Mir Sabbir Hossain; Ariyan Haque Joy; Diponkar Kundu; A. H. M. Iftekharul Ferdous; Abdullah Al Mamun; Md Jakir Hossen

doi:10.28991/ESJ-2025-09-02-01

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Mir Sabbir Hossain Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Pabna University of Science and Technology, Pabna 6600,, Bangladesh
Ariyan Haque Joy Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Pabna University of Science and Technology, Pabna 6600,, Bangladesh
Diponkar Kundu Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Pabna University of Science and Technology, Pabna 6600,, Bangladesh
A. H. M. Iftekharul Ferdous
iferdous.eee@pust.ac.bd
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Pabna University of Science and Technology, Pabna 6600,, Bangladesh
Abdullah Al Mamun 2) Department of Electrical and Electrical Engineering, Feni University, Feni-3900, Bangladesh. 3) School of Information and Communication Technology, Griffith University, Queensland, 4111, Australia.
Md Jakir Hossen Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Multimedia University, Melaka-75450,, Malaysia

Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): April

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SO₂, HCN, and Cl₂gases are extremely toxic and can present significant health hazards even at minimal amounts, including respiratory and neurological systems. Timely identification aids in averting exposure and alleviating possible health risks, particularly in industrial and densely populated regions. Moreover, these gases can contribute to environmental pollution; thus, their monitoring is essential for human safety and environmental preservation. This specification recommends employing a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) to construct a terahertz octagonal core and curved air hole sensor for the detection of SO2, HCN, and Cl₂ in the THz region. We routinely evaluate the recommended framework numerically, utilizing the entire finite element method. In terms of Cl₂, the recommended sensor has a larger numerical aperture of 0.2909 and a superior sensitivity of 99.58%. Furthermore, this simulation yields a reduced effective material loss equal to 0.0020 cm^-1 with a 3.094í—10^-12dB/m confinement loss for this gas. This technology utilizes the distinctive interaction between THz vibrations and gas molecules, improving detection sensitivity at trace levels relative to other techniques. This type of sensor may have practical applications in chemical sensing, biosensing, and gas sensing.

Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2025-09-02-01

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Hossain, M. S., Joy, A. H., Kundu, D., Ferdous, A. H. M. I., Al Mamun, A., & Hossen, M. J. (2025). High-Sensitivity Toxic Gas Sensor Utilizing Photonic Crystal Fibers in the THz Spectrum. Emerging Science Journal, 9(2), 524–538. https://doi.org/10.28991/ESJ-2025-09-02-01

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High-Sensitivity Toxic Gas Sensor Utilizing Photonic Crystal Fibers in the THz Spectrum

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High-Sensitivity Toxic Gas Sensor Utilizing Photonic Crystal Fibers in the THz Spectrum

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Optical and Structural Characterization of Bi2FexNbO7 Nanoparticles for Environmental Applications

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Digital Transformation: Opportunities and Challenges for Leaders in the Emerging Countries in Response to Covid-19 Pandemic

Impediments of Green Finance Adoption System: Linking Economy and Environment